Alkane names, formulas, properties memorize sections 3. To use physical and chemical properties to identify an unknown. For each write the correct tupac namc for cach, draw a structural diagram inc, condensed or complete 17. Alkanes worksheet and key millersburg area school district. The generic name for this family of compounds is alkanes. Properties of a carbon atom and organic compounds, hydrocarbons, homologous series, alkane, alkenes, alkynes, alkyls, naming, drawing, and recognizing hydrocarbons. Although many different types of nomenclature, or naming systems, were employed in the past, today only the international union of pure and applied chemistry iupac nomenclature is acceptable for all scientific publications. Alkane molecules are nonpolar and therefore generally do not react with ionic compounds such as most laboratory acids, bases, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents. Alkanes when we combine the two high bond enthalpy and being nonpolar this makes alkanes quite unreactive alkanes dont react with acidsbases or oxidizing agents this is a useful trait and alkanes are used as lubricating agents and the backbone of polymers but when the do react look out. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms. To name alkenes, we count the number of c atoms in the longest unbranched.
This quiz will assess your knowledge of alkanes, their properties. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen in a chain like conformation. Butane exists in the form of two structural isomers. A comprehensive lesson teaches pupils all about hydrocarbons. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. Will try and scan a copy from the students files and get it back up. Powerpoint and afl task for teaching alkanes and alkenes. Alkane names, formulas, properties memorize sections. From alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to benzene, classes study the preparation of these. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen and single bonds acyclic alkanes. Main idea alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds.
Combustion of hydrocarbons all hydrocarbons burn cleanly to form water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sufficient oxygen. These doublebonded compounds are colourless and odourless in nature. Carbons on the end of a chain are attached to three hydrogens. Alkenes have physical properties low boiling points, insoluble in water quite similar to those of their corresponding alkanes. Some hydrocarbons such as alkenes and alkynes contain sp2 or sphybridized carbon atoms.
Draw all of the possible structure of following types of hydrocarbons using 4 carbon atoms. Many functional groups contain oxygen atoms, such as alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The following table lists the iupac names assigned to simple continuouschain alkanes from c1 to c10. To work out the best way to distinguish alkanes from alkenes. Alkanes are of great importance to the different classification systems and the naming of organic compounds because. Properties and uses of alkanes chemistry tutorial key concepts. As an example, consider the reaction of methane with chlorine gas. Alkanes are just one type of hydrocarbon atom, and there are several types of alkanes.
This short video covers the history of hydrocarbons and organic compounds, discusses the structures and properties of alkanes, isomers, and concludes with an explanation of naming alkanes based on their structure. Elimination reactions alkenes olefins are hydrocarbons that contain a carboncarbon double bond and are said to be unsaturated. Carbons that have one branch attached are also attached to one hydrogen. A power point to show the alkane family properties both chemical and.
Identify the longest continuous carbon chain as the parent chain. Physical properties of alkenes double bond, boiling. For alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, spring models can be constructed. This means that they have similar chemical properties to each other and they have trends in physical properties. If a saturated alkane had 15 carbon atoms in it, how many hydrogens would there be. Thus, given the number of carbon atoms in an alkane, it is easy to determine the number of hydrogens in the molecule and also its molecular formula. When we discuss the chemical reactions of alkenes, we will see that the primary site of reaction is the double bond and the most common type of reaction is the addition of atoms to the double bond to make a saturated molecule.
Realworld reading link if you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons. For making models of alkanes, you can use toothpicks for bonds and plasticine balls for atoms. Alkanes are the simplest and least reactive hydrocarbon species containing only carbons and hydrogens. These characteristics are due to strong repulsive forces generated between electrons on neighboring atoms, which are in close proximity in crystalline solids. Alkanes worksheet alkanes worksheet 1 answer the following. Solid alkanes are normally soft, with low melting points. The concept of homology the series of straightchain alkanes, in which n is the number of carbons in the chain, shows a remarkably smooth gradation of physical properties see. The vast majority of hydrocarbons humans use help fuel cars, homes, and provide energy. Naming and drawing alkanes for each, draw a structural diagram line, condensed or complete. Alkanes 2 organic chemistry nowadays almost drives me mad. Alkanes are less dense than water alkanes float on top of water. The simplest of the functional groups are the hydrocarbons, which include the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Nomenclature and physical properties of cycloalkanes. Longer chain alkanes are well known, and their names may be found in many reference and text books.
Nonpolar, therefore boiling points depend on size and shape. The physical properties possessed by these doublebonded compounds are similar to the physical properties of alkanes. The melting point of a substance is the temperature. Physical properties of alkanes chemistry assignment. These carbon skeletons show great diversity in the ways that c atoms bond to. What is the general formula for a noncyclic alkane. For molecules with the same number of carbon atoms and the. Professor of chemistry, emeritus university of california, riverside. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. Naming and drawing alkanes for each alkane write the correct iupac name. Alkanes and cycloalkanes from organic chemistry by robert c. Name the parent hydrocarbon by locating the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond and name it according to the number of carbons with the suffix ene. Sorry but the mark scheme i made for the fractional distillation question appears to have been lost when i dropped my hard drive.
However, ethene is an exception as it is a colourless gas but has a faintly sweet odour. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. Chemical properties of alkanes chemistry libretexts. Lessons were originally backed up with oxford university press resources. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and.
This file contains 16 line structures of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Physical properties nonpolar and insoluble in water as are alkanes. Alkanes are nonpolar only dispersion forces act between molecules. Since alkanes are the major components of petroleum and. Alkanes, physical and chemical properties teaching resources. These are unsaturated carbon compounds which have a general formula of c n h 2n.
Draw the line bond structures of following types of hydrocarbons using four carbon atoms. Draw the structural formula and write the iupac name of each. Scholars match the properties of six alkanes in a series of four puzzles. For example, the gas used in gas stoves and bunsen burners can be either propane c 3 h 8 or butane c 4 h 10. Naming and drawing alkynes and cyclic hydrocarbons date. Alkanes contain only cc and ch sigma bonds which are almost nonpolar due to very small difference of electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Alkanesandalkenesworksheet how can we distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.
They contain only c and h and all of the carbons are sp3 hybridized. Naming and drawing alkynes and cyclic hydrocarbons. Give the molecular formula, the line bond structural formula, the condensed structural formula, and the skeletal structure for pentane. Alkenes chemistry is a study of carbon compounds which are held together by a double bond. In contrast to the more rigid cyclic compounds, the general floppiness of openchain hydrocarbons makes them harder to fit into a crystal lattice hence their lower melting points and less hospitable toward neighboring molecules of the same type.
Alkanes and alkenes worksheet igcse coordinated sciences. If you have four different substituents around a double bond cistrans does not work e z nomenclature. To compare the chemical reactivity of an alkane, an alkene, and an aromatic compound. In this system, a series of rules has been created that is adaptable to all classes of organic compounds. In this worksheet, we will practice writing and interpreting the names and formulas of alkanes and describing trends in physical properties. How many hydrogen atoms would be in an alkane containing 12 carbon atoms. Properties of alkenes and alkynes chemical properties undergo combustion as do alkanes. Physical properties of alkanes alkanes are nonpolar only dispersion forces act between molecules. Physical properties of alkenes double bond, boiling point. With the help of this interactive quiz and printable worksheet, you can test your knowledge of alkane properties at. The melting and boiling points of cycloalkanes table 121 are somewhat higher than those of the corresponding alkanes. Ch 3 ch ch ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 ch 3 ch 3 ch 3 7 carbons heptb.
In addition to carbon dioxide, water and heat a variety of products are possible. To investigate the physical properties, solubility, and density of some hydrocarbon. Cl 2 to replace one hydrogen at a time with a halogen atom via a halogenation reaction. Draw the structural formula and line angle formula for the following molecules. Why are hydrocarbon molecules such as alkanes nonpolar. Learn the important physical and chemical properties of the alkanes. Mar 14, 2016 first lesson for alkanes in new ocr a 2015 spec. Alkene nomenclature please read and understand prefixparentsuffix suffix for alkenes. If more than one different chains are of equal length number of carbons, choose the one with the greater number of branch points. Chemical properties of alkanes alkanes are nonpolar compounds that do not dissolve in h 2 o insoluble in h 2 o alkanes burn in oxygen in combustion reactions type of redox reaction alkanes can react with halogen molecules e.
Properties of alkenes and alkynes no rotation around double and triple bonds similar to alkanes bp and mp isomerism cis and trans. Aug 12, 2019 to identify the main chemical properties of alkanes. Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes purpose. Organic chemistry science at yorkdale with jessica. Draw the condensed straightchain structures for heptane and nonane. Learn the iupac system for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes.
Main idea alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond, and alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond. These variations of compounds which have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but a. Alkanes lesson plans and worksheets from thousands of teacher. A common ane suffix identifies these compounds as alkanes. Carbons in the middle of a chain are attached to two hydrogens. Alkanes are part of a more general category of compounds known as hydrocarbons. Draw the line bond structures for the following alkenes, cyclic alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes are nonpolar molecules so they are more soluble in nonpolar solvents than they are in polar solvents. Boiling points, melting points, and densities generally increase with the size of the alkane. Get free alkanes and alkenes datasheet answers alkanes and alkenes datasheet answers as recognized, adventure as without difficulty as experience virtually lesson, amusement, as competently as pact can be gotten by just checking out a book alkanes and alkenes datasheet answers in addition to it is not directly done, you could say yes even more on this life, visvis the world. Alkynes are hydrocarbons with carbontocarbon triple bonds and properties much like those of alkenes. For example, decane, with 10 carbon atoms, must have 2 10 2 22 hydrogens and the molecular formula c. If a noncyclic alkane contains 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it contain.
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